![]() In discussing the clinical science of personality disorders in the post-DSM-III/IV era, Pincus distinguished defining what personality pathology is from describing individual differences in its expression, and further suggested that improvements in the classification of personality disorders “will require greater coordination of definitional theories and systems for describing variation in expression of personality pathology” (p. Finally, beyond the interpersonal perspective, it facilitates even broader theoretical and treatment integration. Third, it is highly suitable for synthesis with the Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory of personality. Second, it allows the AMPD to integrate personality structure and personality processes. First, it distinguishes the nature and severity of personality pathology from other forms of psychopathology. ![]() Defining personality pathology in terms of regulatory and relational processes involving self and other, and distinguishing severity of personality pathology from individual differences in its expression (Criteria B), offers the AMPD several advantages. Articulated as a set of dynamic regulatory and relational processes that are stratified in the Level of Personality Functioning Scale, these impairments involve how individuals think and feel about themselves and others and how they relate to others. Criteria A of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) defines personality pathology in terms of impairments in “self” (identity, self-direction) and “interpersonal” (empathy, intimacy) functioning.
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